Blade And Sword 2

Blade and Sword Review. Blade and Sword's strengths do not outweigh its shortcomings, which is unfortunate because there are some nice gameplay elements to be found here. Positive: 2 out of 3.

The swords found together with the, c. 1600 BC.The sword developed from the knife or dagger. A knife is unlike a in that a knife has only one cutting surface, while a dagger has two cutting surfaces. Construction of longer blades became possible during the 3rd millennium BC in the Middle East, first in, then in tin-bronze.Blades longer than 60 cm (24 in) were rare and not practical until the late Bronze Age because the (stiffness) of is relatively low, and consequently longer blades would bend easily. The development of the sword out of the dagger was gradual; the first weapons that can be classified as swords without any ambiguity are those found in, dated to about 1700 BC, reaching a total length of more than 100 cm.

These are the 'type A' swords of the.One of the most important, and longest-lasting, types swords of the was the Naue II type (named for who first described them), also known as Griffzungenschwert (lit. 'grip-tongue sword'). This type first appears in c. The 13th century BC in (or a general background), and survives well into the Iron Age, with a life-span of about seven centuries. During its lifetime, metallurgy changed from bronze, but not its basic design.Naue II swords were exported from Europe to the Aegean, and as far afield as, beginning about 1200 BC, i.e. Just a few decades before the final collapse of the palace cultures in the.

Naue II swords could be as long as 85 cm, but most specimens fall into the 60 to 70 cm range. Linked the Naue Type II Swords, which spread from Southern Europe into the Mediterranean, with the. Naue II swords, along with Nordic full-hilted swords, were made with functionality and aesthetics in mind. The hilts of these swords were beautifully crafted and often contained false rivets in order to make the sword more visually appealing.

Swords coming from northern Denmark and northern Germany usually contained three or more fake rivets in the hilt.is attested from the Bronze Age. The technology for bronze swords reached its high point during the Warring States period and Qin Dynasty. Amongst the Warring States period swords, some unique technologies were used, such as casting high tin edges over softer, lower tin cores, or the application of diamond shaped patterns on the blade (see ). Also unique for Chinese bronzes is the consistent use of high tin bronze (17–21% tin) which is very hard and breaks if stressed too far, whereas other cultures preferred lower tin bronze (usually 10%), which bends if stressed too far.

Although iron swords were made alongside bronze, it was not until the early that iron completely replaced bronze.In the, earliest available of copper were discovered in the sites in the northwestern regions of. Swords have been recovered in archaeological findings throughout the - region of Indian subcontinent, consisting of but more commonly. Diverse specimens have been discovered in, where there are several varieties of hilt.

These swords have been variously dated to times between 1700–1400 BC, but were probably used more in the opening centuries of the 1st millennium BC. Iron Age.

Swordsbecame increasingly common from the 13th century BC. Before that the use of swords was less frequent. The iron was not although often containing sufficient carbon, but work-hardened like bronze by hammering. This made them comparable or only slightly better in terms of strength and hardness to bronze swords. They could still bend during use rather than spring back into shape. But the easier production, and the better availability of the raw material for the first time permitted the equipment of entire armies with metal weapons, though Bronze Age Egyptian armies were sometimes fully equipped with bronze weapons.Ancient swords are often found at burial sites. The sword was often placed on the right side of the corpse.

Many times the sword was kept over the corpse. In many late graves, the sword and the were bent at 180 degrees. It was known as killing the sword. Thus they might have considered swords as the most potent and powerful object.

Greco-Roman antiquity. Further information:By the time of and the and in Iran, iron swords were common.

The Greek and the Roman are typical examples of the type, measuring some 60 to 70 cm (24 to 28 in). The late introduced the longer (the term for its wielder, became a court rank in ), and from this time, the term is applied to swords comparatively long for their respective periods.Swords from the Parthian and Sassanian Empires were quite long, the blades on some late Sassanian swords being just under a metre long.Swords were also used to administer various, such as non-surgical or by decapitation. The use of a sword, an honourable weapon, was regarded in Europe since as a privilege reserved for the and the upper classes.The mentions swords of Indian iron and steel being exported from to. Blades from the made of also found their way into. Persian antiquity In the first millennium BC the used a sword that was originally of Scythian design called the akinaka. However, the great conquests of the Persians made the sword more famous as a Persian weapon, to the extent that the true nature of the weapon has been lost somewhat as the name Akinaka has been used to refer to whichever form of sword the Persian army favoured at the time. Further information:During the sword technology improved, and the sword became a very advanced weapon.

The type remained popular throughout the and well into the Middle Ages. Spathas were decorated with Germanic artwork (not unlike the Germanic fashioned after Roman coins). The saw again a more standardized production, but the basic design remained indebted to the spatha.Around the 10th century, the use of properly quenched and started to become much more common than in previous periods. The ' blades (the name of the maker inlaid in the blade) were of particularly consistent high quality. Tried to prohibit the export of these swords, as they were used by in raids against the.which is also known as was a unique and highly prized steel developed on the Indian subcontinent as early as the 5th century BC. Its properties were unique due to the special smelting and reworking of the steel creating networks of iron carbides described as a globular in a matrix of.

The use of Damascus steel in swords became extremely popular in the 16th and 17th centuries.It was only from the 11th century that swords began to develop the (quillons). During the of the 12th to 13th century, this type of remained essentially stable, with variations mainly concerning the shape of the. These swords were designed as cutting weapons, although effective points were becoming common to counter improvements in armour, especially the 14th-century change from to.It was during the 14th century, with the growing use of more advanced armour, that the hand and a half sword, also known as a ', came into being.

It had an extended grip that meant it could be used with either one or two hands. Though these swords did not provide a full two-hand grip they allowed their wielders to hold a or parrying dagger in their off hand, or to use it as a two-handed sword for a more powerful blow.In the Middle Ages, the sword was often used as a symbol of the.

The names given to many swords in, and reflected the high prestige of the weapon and the wealth of the owner. Later Middle Ages. Further information: andFrom around 1300 to 1500, in concert with improved, innovative sword designs evolved more and more rapidly. The main transition was the lengthening of the grip, allowing use, and a longer blade.

By 1400, this type of sword, at the time called (longsword) or spadone, was common, and a number of 15th- and 16th-century offering instructions on their use survive. Another variant was the specialized -piercing swords of the type. The became popular due to its extreme reach and its cutting and thrusting abilities. Chinese dao and scabbard of the 17th–18th centuryAs steel technology improved, single-edged weapons became popular throughout Asia. Derived from the or, the are known from the early medieval. Production of the, a precursor to the, is recorded from c.

AD 900 (see ).Japan was famous for the swords it forged in the early 13th century for the class of warrior-nobility known as the. The types of swords used by the Samurai included the (extra long field sword), (long cavalry sword), (long sword), and (shorter companion sword for katana). Japanese swords that pre-date the rise of the samurai caste include the (straight double-edged blade) and (straight one-edged blade). Japanese swordmaking reached the height of its development in the 15th and 16th centuries, when samurai increasingly found a need for a sword to use in closer quarters, leading to the creation of the modern.Western historians have said that Japanese katana were among the finest cutting weapons in world military history.

South and Southeast Asia In, the images of Indian style swords can be found in Hindu gods statues from ancient Java circa 8th to 10th century. However the native types of blade known as, and were more popular as weapons. These daggers are shorter than sword but longer than common dagger. The traditional designs of the hilt is a notable depiction from.In, traditional large swords known as the and the were used in combat by the natives. A notable wielder of the kampilan was, the king of and his warriors who defeated the Spaniards and killed Portuguese explorer at the on 27 April 1521. Traditional swords in the Philippines were immediately banned, but the training in was later hidden from the occupying by practices in. But because of the banning, Filipinos were forced to use swords that were disguised as farm tools.

And were used during the against the colonialists not only because ammunition for guns was scarce, but also for concealability while walking in crowded streets and homes. Bolos were also used by young boys who joined their parents in the revolution and by young girls and their mothers in defending the town while the men were on the battlefields. During the in events such as the, most of an American company was hacked to death or seriously injured by -wielding guerillas in. When the took control of the country, several American special operations groups stationed in the Philippines were introduced to the and swordsmanship, leading to this style reaching America despite the fact that natives were reluctant to allow outsiders in on their fighting secrets.The is a double-edge straight sword. It is often featured in religious iconography, theatre and art depicting the ancient. Some communities venerate the weapon as a symbol of. It is a common weapon in the martial arts in the.

Khanda often appears in Hindu, Buddhist and Sikh scriptures and art. In, a unique wind furnace was used to produce the high quality steel. This gave the blade a very hard cutting edge and beautiful patterns. For these reasons it became a very popular trading material. A sword from India.The (, derived from the Arabic term for a Western European a ') was a sword type which used blades manufactured in Western Europe and imported by the, or made locally in imitation of European blades.

Because of its length the firangi is usually regarded as primarily a weapon. The sword has been especially associated with the, who were famed for their cavalry. However, the firangi was also widely used by and.The (: तलवार) is a type of curved sword from India and other countries of the, it was adopted by communities such as Rajputs, Sikhs and Marathas, who favored the sword as their main weapon.

It became more widespread in the medieval era.The (: சுருள் பட்டாக்கத்தி surul pattai, lit. Curling blade;: එතුණු කඩුව ethunu kaduwa;: aara) is a 'sword' with a flexible whip-like blade. Further information: andThe is believed to have evolved either from the Spanish or from the swords of the somewhere in the later part of the 16th century. The rapier differed from most earlier swords in that it was not a military weapon but a primarily civilian sword. Both the rapier and the Italian developed the crossguard into a for hand protection.During the 17th and 18th centuries, the shorter became an essential fashion accessory in European countries and the New World, though in some places such as the large swords as the basket-hilted broadsword were preferred, and most wealthy men and military officers carried one slung from a belt.

Both the smallsword and the rapier remained popular well into the 18th century.As the wearing of swords fell out of fashion, took their place in a gentleman's wardrobe. This developed to the gentlemen in the Victorian era to use the.

Some examples of canes—those known as sword canes or —incorporate a concealed blade. The developed to fight with canes and swordsticks and has now evolved into a sport. The English martial art is very similar.With the rise of the, the duelling sword fell out of fashion long before the practice of duelling itself. By about 1770, English duelists enthusiastically adopted the pistol, and sword duels dwindled. However, the custom of duelling with persisted well into the 20th century in France. Such modern duels were not fought to the death; the duellists' aim was instead merely to draw blood from the opponent's sword arm. Late modern history Military sidearm Towards the end of its useful life, the sword served more as a weapon of than for use on the battlefield, and the military importance of swords steadily decreased during the.

Even as a personal sidearm, the sword began to lose its preeminence in the early 19th century, reflecting the development of reliable.However, swords were still normally carried in by cavalrymen and by officers of other branches throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, both in colonial and European warfare. For example, during the the, a sword similar to the, proved very effective in close quarters combat with Dutch troops, leading the to adopt a heavy, also called (very similar in appearance to the US Navy Model 1917 Cutlass) to counter it. Mobile troops armed with and klewangs succeeded in suppressing Aceh resistance where traditional infantry with and had failed. From that time on until the 1950s the, Royal Dutch Army, Royal Dutch Navy and Dutch police used these cutlasses called Klewang.

British Major (far right) leads Commandos during a training exercise, sword in hand, in.Swords continued in general peacetime use by cavalry of most armies during the years prior to World War I. The British Army formally adopted a completely new design of in 1908, almost the last change in British Army weapons before the outbreak of the war. At the outbreak of World War I infantry officers in all combatant armies then involved (French, German, British, Austro-Hungarian, Russian, Belgian and Serbian) still carried swords as part of their field equipment. On mobilization in August 1914 all serving British Army officers were required to have their swords sharpened as the only peacetime use of the weapon had been for saluting on parade.

The high visibility and limited practical use of the sword however led to it being abandoned within weeks, although most cavalry continued to carry sabres throughout the war. While retained as a symbol of rank and status by at least senior officers of infantry, artillery and other branches the sword was usually left with non-essential bagage when units reached the front line. It was not until the late 1920s and early 1930s that this historic weapon was finally discarded for all but ceremonial purposes by most remaining horse mounted regiments of Europe and the Americas.In China troops used the long anti-cavalry well into the.

The last units of British heavy cavalry switched to using as late as 1938. Swords and other dedicated melee weapons were used occasionally by many countries during, but typically as a secondary weapon as they were outclassed by coexisting. A notable exception was the Imperial Japanese Army where, for cultural reasons, all officers and warrant officers carried the Type 94 shin-gunto ('new miltary sword') into battle from 1934 until 1945. Ceremonial use. Further information:Swords are commonly worn as a by officers in many military and naval services throughout the world. Occasions to wear swords include any event in dress uniforms where the rank-and-file carry arms:, reviews, and changes of command.

They are also commonly worn for officers' weddings, and when wearing dress uniforms to church—although they are rarely actually worn in the church itself.In the British forces they are also worn for any appearance at. In the, every Naval officer at or above the rank of is required to own a sword, which can be prescribed for any formal outdoor ceremonial occasion; they are normally worn for changes of command and parades. For some Navy parades, are issued to and.In the every officer must own a sword, which is prescribed for formal parades and other ceremonies where dress uniforms are worn and the rank-and-file are under arms. On these occasions depending on their billet, Marine Non-Commissioned Officers (E-6 and above) may also be required to carry swords, which have hilts of a pattern similar to U.S. Naval officers' swords but are actually. The USMC is the longest continuously-issued edged weapon in the U.S. InventoryThe Marine officer swords are of the pattern which was adopted in 1825 in recognition of the Marines' key role in the capture of the city of during the.

Taken out of issue for approximately 20 years from 1855 until 1875, it was restored to service in the year of the Corps' centennial and has remained in issue since.Sword replicas. Main article:The production of of historical swords originates with 19th-century.

Contemporary replicas can range from cheap factory produced look-alikes to exact recreations of individual artifacts, including an approximation of the historical production methods.Some kinds of swords are still commonly used today as weapons, often as a side arm for military infantry. The Japanese katana, wakizashi and tanto are carried by some infantry and officers in Japan and other parts of Asia and the is the official melee weapon for. Other swords in use today are the, the, the and the. In the case of a rat-tail, the maker welds a thin rod to the end of the blade at the crossguard; this rod goes through the grip. In traditional construction, Swordsmiths such tangs over the end of the pommel, or occasionally welded the hilt furniture to the tang and threaded the end for screwing on a pommel. This style is often referred to as a 'narrow' or 'hidden' tang. Modern, less traditional, replicas often feature a threaded pommel or a pommel nut which holds the hilt together and allows dismantling.

In a 'full' tang (most commonly used in knives and ), the tang has about the same width as the blade, and is generally the same shape as the grip. In European or Asian swords sold today, many advertised 'full' tangs may actually involve a forged rat-tail tang.Morphology. There is considerable variation in the detailed design of sword blades. The diagram opposite shows a typical Medieval European sword.Early iron blades have rounded points due to the limited metallurgy of the time. These were still effective for thrusting against lightly armoured opponents.

As armour advanced, blades were made narrower, stiffer and sharply pointed to defeat the armour by thrusting.Dedicated cutting blades are wide and thin, and often have grooves known as which lighten the blade at the cost of some of the blade's stiffness. The edges of a cutting sword are almost parallel. Blades oriented for the thrust have thicker blades, sometimes with a distinct midrib for increased stiffness, with a strong taper and an acute point. The geometry of a cutting sword blade allows for acute edge angles.

An edge with an acuter angle is more inclined to degrade quickly in combat situations than an edge with a more obtuse angle. Also, an acute edge angle is not the primary factor of a blade's sharpness.The part of the blade between the (CoP) and the point is called the foible (weak) of the blade, and that between the (CoB) and the hilt is the forte (strong). The section in between the CoP and the CoB is the middle.The or shoulder identifies a short section of blade immediately below the guard that is left completely unsharpened. Many swords have no ricasso. On some large weapons, such as the, a metal cover surrounded the ricasso, and a swordsman might grip it in one hand to wield the weapon more easily in close-quarter combat.The ricasso normally bears the.The is the extension of the blade to which the hilt is fitted.On Japanese blades, the maker's mark appears on the tang under the grip. Sword of, with later hilt.The is the collective term for the parts allowing for the handling and control of the blade; these consist of the, the, and a simple or elaborate, which in post- swords could consist of only a (called a hilt or ).

The pommel was originally designed as a stop to prevent the sword slipping from the hand. From around the 11th century onward it became a counterbalance to the blade, allowing a more fluid style of fighting. – It can also be used as a blunt instrument at close range, and its weight affects the centre of percussion. In later times a or was sometimes added. By the 17th century, with the growing use of firearms and the accompanying decline in the use of, many and had developed elaborate basket hilts, which protect the palm of the wielder and rendered the obsolete.In late medieval and Renaissance era European swords, a flap of leather called the chappe or rain guard was attached to a sword's at the base of the hilt to protect the mouth of the scabbard and prevent water from entering. Sword scabbards and suspension.

Main article:Common accessories to the sword include the, as well as the 'sword belt'. The scabbard, also known as the sheath, is a protective cover often provided for the sword blade. Over the millennia, scabbards have been made of many materials, including leather, wood, and metals such as brass or steel. The metal fitting where the blade enters the leather or metal scabbard is called the throat, which is often part of a larger scabbard mount, or locket, that bears a carrying ring or stud to facilitate wearing the sword. The blade's point in leather scabbards is usually protected by a metal tip, or, which on both leather and metal scabbards is often given further protection from wear by an extension called a drag, or shoe. A sword belt is a with an attachment for the sword's scabbard, used to carry it when not in use. It is usually fixed to the scabbard of the sword, providing a fast means of drawing the sword in battle.

Examples of sword belts include the used by the.Typology. Further information:Sword typology is based on morphological criteria on one hand (blade shape (cross-section, taper, and length), shape and size of the hilt and pommel)and age and place of origin on the other (, European (medieval, early modern, modern), Asian).The relatively comprehensive was created by historian and illustrator as a way to define and catalogue European swords of the medieval period based on physical form, including blade shape and hilt configuration. The typology also focuses on the smaller, and in some cases contemporary, single-handed swords such as the. Single and double-edged As noted above, the terms, and are used relative to the era under consideration, and each term designates a particular type of sword.Jian In most Asian countries, a sword ( 劍, geom (검), ken/tsurugi (剣), pedang) is a double-edged straight-bladed weapon, while a knife or saber ( 刀, do (도), to/ (刀), pisau, golok) refers to a single-edged object.Kirpan In Sikh history, the sword is held in very high esteem. A single-edged sword is called a kirpan, and its double-edged counterpart a khanda or tega. Churika The is a handheld double-edged sword traditionally used in the of. It is also worshipped as the weapon of, the hunter god in Hinduism.Backsword and falchion European terminology does give generic names for single-edged and double-edged blades but refers to specific types with the term 'sword' covering them all.

For example, the may be so called because it is single-edged but the which is also single-edged is given its own specific name. Single vs two-handed use. See also:A two-handed sword is any sword that usually requires two hands to wield, or more specifically the very large swords of the 16th century.Throughout history two-handed swords have generally been less common than their one-handed counterparts, one exception being their common use in Japan.Hand and a half sword A Hand and a half sword, colloquially known as a ', was a sword with an extended grip and sometimes pommel so that it could be used with either one or two hands. Although these swords may not provide a full two-hand grip, they allowed its wielders to hold a or parrying dagger in their off hand, or to use it as a two-handed sword for a more powerful blow. These should not be confused with a, or, which were always intended to be used with two hands.In fiction. Allchin, F.R.

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